Rabu, 26 Desember 2012

langkah langkah membuat database

Database adalah file data yang berisi objek seperti tabel, query, report dan lainnya. Pada tampilan awal dari program Acces 2007, anda dapat membuat sebuah Database baru atau membuka database yang telah dibuat sebelumnya. 
Berikut Langkah-Langkahnya:
LANGKAH 1
Klik Menu Start-All Program – Ms. Office – Ms.Access 2007
LANGKAH 2
Klik Blank Database, tentukan lokasi penyimpanan dan nama database, klik tombol Create

Maka akan tampil area kerja Ms. Access 2007, seperti gambar dibawah ini:
Office Button : adalah pengganti menu file yang biasa anda temukan pada versi sebelumnya
Quick Access Toolbar  : adalah customizable yang berisi perintah-perintah penting seperti save, undo, redo dan masih banyak lagi perintah yang dapat anda tambahkan sendiri sesuai dengan keperluan.
Ribbon : merupakan pengganti Toolbar yang sering anda temukan pada versi sebelumnya.
Database Object : merupakan objek-objek yang telah diaktifkan dan digunakan dalam sebuah database. Contohnya seperti : Table, Form, Report, Macro dll.
Object Preview : Tampilan object yang anda aktifkan seperti table, form, report, dll
View Shortcut : adalah fitur dalam Access 2007 yang berguna untuk mengubah tampilan objek dengan mode tertentu sesuai dengan objek yang digunakan. Contohnya: Design View, Layout View, DataSheet View, Form View dll.
A.      Membuat Table Menggunakan DataSheet View
Tabel Data Mahasiswa PalComTeh

Berikut langkah-langkahnya:
LANGKAH 1
·                     Masih pada jendela Ms. Acces 2007 yang aktif
·                      Ketika anda mebuat database baru, sebuah tabel secara otomatis akan tampil didalam Preview object
·                     Klik tombol Close untuk menutuk jendela tab Table 1 yang aktif, dengan cara klik tombol Close yang terletak di sudut kanan atas.


LANGKAH 2
Anda dapat membuat tabel baru, dengan cara klik Create – Table dalam groupTables, seperti gambar dibawah ini:

Maka tabel baru akan tampil, untuk mengganti nama field pada tabel dengan cara double klik pada nama field tersebut, seperti gambar dibawah ini:
Field baru akan tampil disebelah kanan field Nama, lanjutkan dengan memberi nama field lainnya.
LANGKAH 3
Jika telah selesai klik Datasheet – View – Design View, seperti gambar dibawah ini:
LANGKAH 4
Kotak dialog Save As akan tampil, simpan tabel dengan nama tb_mahasiswa dan klik Ok.
Anda dapat melihat keterangan tabel yang dibuat yaitu nama field, tipe data, penggunaan primary key dan lainnya.


LANGKAH 5
KEMBALI KETAMPILAN SEBLUMNYA, KLIK DESIGN – VIEW – DATASHEET VIEW, SEPERTI GAMBAR DIBAWAH INI: 
LANGKAH 6
Masukan data kedalama Field-field yang telah disediakan.
LANGKAH 7
Untuk menambah, mengedit atau pindah data record, dapat menggunakan fungsi record yang disediakan dibawah jendela object.
 B.     MEMBUAT TABEL MENGGUNAKAN DESIGN VIEW
Tabel Data Mahasiswa PalComTech
Berikut Langkah-langkahnya:
Masih di database Latihan 1 yang aktif
LANGKAH 1
Tambahkan tabel baru, klik Create – Table Design, seperti gambar dibawah ini:
LANGKAH 2
Masukan Field data yang disediakan.
LANGKAH 3
Jika telah selesai gunakan Primary Key pada field Nim, seperti pada gambar dibawah ini:
Note : Primary Key berfungsi sebagai pengunci data,
Agar pengimputan data yang sama tidak dapat di proses di
Dalam sebuah field.
LANGKAH 4
Klik Design – View – Datasheet View, seperti gambar dibawah ini:

Jika tampil kotak dialog seperti dibawah ini, pilih Save dan simpan dengan namaTb_data_mahasiswa, seperti gambar dibawah ini:
LANGKAH 5
Setelah seluruh field di buat, masukanlah datanya seperti gambar dibawah ini:

Senin, 01 Oktober 2012

”Nama Domain” Negara-negara di Dunia


”Nama Domain” Negara-negara di Dunia 



1. Albania = al
  • .com.al for enterprises & commercial organizations
  • .edu.al for academic and R&D institutions
  • .gov.al for government institutions
  • .mil.al for military organizations
  • .net.al for organizations dedicated on networking
  • .org.al for non-government organizations
2. Angola  =  ao
  • .ed.ao - Educational institutions. (Seated in Angola.)
  • .gv.ao - Governmental institutions. (Seated in Angola.)
  • .og.ao - Any other organisations (Seated in Angola.)
  • .co.ao - Commercial institutions (Seated in Angola.)
  • .it.ao - International institutions (Outside Angola.)
 3. Bosnia and Herzegovina = ba 
  • .web.ba: (available via nic.ba)
  • .org.ba: Non-profit organizations
  • .net.ba: telecommunications providers
  • .edu.ba: education
  • .gov.ba: any of the many local, regional and national governments
  • .mil.ba: military
  • .unsa.ba: University of Sarajevo
  • .untz.ba: University of Tuzla
  • .unmo.ba: University of Mostar "Džemal Bijedić"
  • .unbi.ba: University of Bihać
  • .unze.ba: University of Zenica
 4. Barbados  = bb
  • .co.bb - general use (usually commercial)
  • .com.bb - commercial entities
  • .net.bb - network providers
  • .org.bb - general use (usually for non-profit organisations)
  • .gov.bb - Barbadian government organisations
  • .edu.bb - Barbadian educational organisations
  • .info.bb - general use
  • .store.bb - general use
  • .tv.bb - general use
  • .biz.bb - general use
5. Bahrain = bh
  • com.bh: Commercial Entities
  • info.bh: Informational Sites
  • cc.bh
  • edu.bh: Educational Institutions
  • biz.bh: Businesses
  • net.bh: Network Providers
  • org.bh: Non-commercial Organizations
  • gov.bh: Government and Governmental System
 6. Bolivia = bo
  • com.bo - Commercial entities
  • net.bo - Network service providers
  • org.bo - Organizations
  • tv.bo - TV media organizations
  • mil.bo - Military institutions
  • int.bo - International Organizations
  • gob.bo - Government (Gobierno)
  • gov.bo - Government institutions
  • edu.bo - Educational institutions

7. Côte d’Ivoire  = ci

  • .org.ci, or.ci -- International Organization
  • .com.ci, co.ci -- Commercial Organization, Business
  • .edu.ci, ed.ci, ac.ci -- Education, schools, universities, academies
  • .net.ci -- Network related businesses
  • .go.ci -- Governmental organizations
  • .asso.ci -- Associations
  • Aéroport.ci -- Airports
  • Int.ci -- International organizations
  • Presse.ci -- Press related publications

8. Cook Islands  = ck

  • .co.ck: business organisations
  • .org.ck: not-for-profit organisations
  • .edu.ck: educational institutions
  • .gov.ck: government agencies
  • .net.ck: Internet Service Providers
  • .gen.ck:
  • .biz.ck: Business related pages for the Cook Islands
  • .info.ck: Information pages relating to the Cook Islands

9. Colombia = co

  • com.co – commercial
  • org.co – organizations
  • edu.co – educational
  • gov.co – government
  • net.co – network infrastructure
  • mil.co – military
  • nom.co – private person

10. Costa Rica  = cr

  • .ac.cr - Academic: Universities
  • .co.cr - Commercial
  • .ed.cr - Education: Colleges, High Schools, etc.
  • .fi.cr - Financial institutions like banks
  • .go.cr - Governmental
  • .or.cr - Non-profit organizations
  • .sa.cr - Health related institutions.
  • .cr - Other Uses
  • .net.cv: communication and network services
  • .gov.cv: governmental institutions
  • .org.cv: nonprofit organizations
  • .edu.cv: schools and universities (both public and private)
  • .int.cv: international organizations and diplomatic missions
  • .publ.cv: periodical magazines registered with the Directorate General of Social Communication
  • .com.cv: not restricted
  • .nome.cv: Cape Verde nationals and legal residents

11. Dominican Republic = do

  • .do: General use
  • art.do: Arts institutions
  • com.do: Commercial organizations
  • edu.do: Academic institutions
  • gob.do / gov.do: Governmental institutions
  • mil.do: Military institutions
  • net.do: Internet service providers
  • org.do: Nongovernmental institutions
  • sld.do: Institutions of health
  • web.do: Web development and services

12. Algeria (Dzayer) = dz

  • .com.dz : commercial enterprises
  • .org.dz : organizations
  • .net.dz : ISPs
  • .gov.dz : government
  • .edu.dz : academic or scientific establishments
  • .asso.dz : associations
  • .pol.dz : political institutions
  • .art.dz : culture and arts

13. Ecuador = ec

  • .ec General use
  • .com.ec Commercial use
  • .info.ec General information
  • .net.ec Providers of Internet services
  • .fin.ec Financial institutions and services
  • .med.ec Medical and health-related entities
  • .pro.ec Professionals such as lawyers, architects, accountants, etc.
  • .org.ec Non-profit organizations and entities.
  • .edu.ec Educational entities.
  • .gob.ec Government of Ecuador, since July 2010
  • .gov.ec Government of Ecuador, being replaced by GOB.EC
  • .mil.ec Ecuadorian military

14. Egypt = eg

  • .com.eg: Commercial sites.
  • .edu.eg: Educational sites.
  • .eun.eg: Egyptian Universities Network.
  • .gov.eg: Governmental sites.
  • .info.eg: Information sector.
  • .mil.eg: Military sites.
  • .name.eg: Personal "name" websites.
  • .net.eg: Networking.
  • .org.eg: Egyptian organizations.
  • .sci.eg: Scientific sites.
  • .tv.eg: Visual media.

15. Spain (España) = es

  • .com.es - open to all applicants (intended for commercial entities)
  • .nom.es - open to all applicants (intended for personal names)
  • .org.es - open to all applicants (intended for noncommercial organizations)
  • .gob.es - for governmental entities
  • .edu.es - for educational institutions

16. Ethiopia = et

  • .com.et, for commercial companies.
  • .gov.et, for governmental organizations.
  • .org.et, for non-profit organizations and non-governmental organizations.
  • .edu.et, for educational institutions.
  • .net.et, for network-related companies.
  • .biz.et, for businesses.
  • .name.et, for individuals.
  • .info.et, for all uses.

17. Falkland Islands  =  fk

  • .co.fk – for commercial organizations
  • .org.fk – for non-commercial organizations
  • .gov.fk – for government organizations
  • .ac.fk – for academic organizations
  • .nom.fk – for private individuals
  • .net.fk – for ISP and similar network organizations

18. Gabon   = ga

  • .md.ga -- Trademark
  • .Presse.ga -- Press
  • .gouv.ga or .go.ga -- Government
  • .org.ga or .or.ga -- International organizations
  • .com.ga or .co.ga -- Commercial organizations
  • .edu.ga, .ed.ga, or ac.ga -- Schools, universities, academies
  • .net.ga -- Network related organizations
  • .go.ga -- Structures gouvernementales
  • .Aéroport.ga -- Airports
  • .int.ga -- International organizations

19. Ghana = gh

  • .com.gh - for companies
  • .edu.gh - for schools
  • .gov.gh - for government
  • .org.gh - for organizations
  • .mil.gh - for military

20. Guinea = gn

  • .com.gn: Commercial
  • .ac.gn: Academic
  • .gov.gn: Government
  • .org.gn: Non-profit
  • .net.gn: Network infrastructure

21. Greece = gr

  • com.gr: for those engaging in commercial activities.
  • edu.gr: for educational institutions.
  • net.gr: Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and network providers.
  • org.gr: non-profit organizations.
  • gov.gr: exclusively for governmental organizations.
  • mil.gr: exclusively for military purposes.
  • mod.gr: Ministry of Defence
  • sch.gr: local education authorities, schools, primary and secondary education, community education.

22. Jordan = jo

  • .com.jo: Companies, Organizations
  • .net.jo: Network Providers
  • .gov.jo: Government
  • .edu.jo: Colleges, Universities, Schools,Educational Institutes
  • .org.jo: Non Profit Organizations
  • .mil.jo: Military
  • .name.jo: Individuals
  • .edu.jo:Schools

23. Kenya = ke

  • .co.ke - for Companies
  • .or.ke - for Not-for-Profit-Making Organisations or NGO's
  • .ne.ke - for Network Devices
  • .go.ke - for Government Entities. Requires Supporting Documents
  • .ac.ke - for Institutions of Higher Education. Requires Supporting Documents
  • .sc.ke - for Lower and Middle Institutes of Learning. Requires Supporting Documents
  • .me.ke - for Personal names
  • .mobi.ke - for Mobile content
  • .info.ke - for Information

24. Cambodia (Khmer)  = kh

  • per.kh - Personal names.
  • com.kh - Commercial entities.
  • edu.kh - Educational institutions.
  • gov.kh - Government entities.
  • mil.kh - Military entities.
  • net.kh - Network infrastructure.
  • org.kh - Non-commercial organizations.

25. Kuwait  = kw

  • edu.kw: Academic and research institutions
  • com.kw: Commercial entities and individuals
  • net.kw: Commercial entities and individuals
  • org.kw: Non-Profit organizations
  • gov.kw: Government entities

26. Kazakhstan = kz

  • .com.kz - Commercial organizations; registered trademark protection.
  • .edu.kz - Licensed educational organizations.
  • .gov.kz - Governmental organizations.
  • .mil.kz - Ministry of Defense.
  • .net.kz - Licensed networks of data communications.
  • .org.kz - Nonprofit organizations.

27. Lebanon = lb

  • com.lb - commercial
  • edu.lb - educational
  • gov.lb - government
  • net.lb - network infrastructure
  • org.lb - organizations

28. Latvia  = lv

  • .com.lv - commercial entities
  • .edu.lv - educational institutions
  • .gov.lv - government and semi-government entities.
  • .org.lv - various forms of affiliation groups
  • .mil.lv - defense entities of Latvia
  • .id.lv - individuals
  • .net.lv - network infrastructure providers
  • .asn.lv - associations
  • .conf.lv - conferences and exhibitions requiring short duration Internet connectivity

29. Libya = ly

  • .com.ly: Commercial services
  • .net.ly: Internet-related services
  • .gov.ly: Government and ministries
  • .plc.ly: State-owned companies
  • .edu.ly: Educational and training institutions
  • .sch.ly: Schools
  • .med.ly: Health-related services
  • .org.ly: Non-profit organizations
  • .id.ly: Individuals.

30. Morocco  = ma

  • .ma: General use
  • net.ma: Internet providers
  • ac.ma: educational institutions
  • org.ma: organizations
  • gov.ma: governmental entities
  • press.ma: the press and publications
  • co.ma: commercial entities

31. Montenegro = me

  • .co.me - unlimited registration, but appropriate for corporations
  • .net.me - unlimited registration, but appropriate for providers of Internet services
  • .org.me - unlimited registration, but appropriate for civil organizations and associations
  • .edu.me - Educational institutions, such as primary and high schools
  • .ac.me - Academic and post-secondary organizations such as universities; University of Montenegro has ucg.ac.me as its primary domain
  • .gov.me - State and Government authorities
  • .its.me or .priv.me - unlimited registration, but appropriate for personal use
  • GoDaddy (go.me)
  • Facebook (fb.me)
  • Time Magazine (ti.me)
  • Visa Inc (v.me)
  • WordPress (WP.me)
  • Yahoo! (me.me)

32. Madagascar = mg

  • .org.mg: Organizations
  • .nom.mg: Individuals
  • .gov.mg: Government entities
  • .prd.mg: Research projects or programs
  • .tm.mg: Registered trademarks
  • .edu.mg: Educational institutions
  • .mil.mg: Military entities
  • .com.mg: Commercial (unrestricted registration)

33. Mauritius  = mu

  • .com.mu - Commercial entities
  • .net.mu - Network entities
  • .org.mu - Non-profit organisations
  • .gov.mu - Government organisations
  • .ac.mu - Academic institutions
  • .co.mu - Commercial entities (No longer available for new registration by most registrars)
  • .or.mu - Non-profit organisations (No longer available for new registration by most registrars)

34. Nicaragua = ni

  • .gob.ni: Nicaraguan government
  • .co.ni, .com.ni: Commercial entities
  • .ac.ni, .edu.ni: Educational institutions
  • .org.ni: Non-governmental organizations
  • .nom.ni: Personal domains of individuals
  • .net.ni: Networks
  • .mil.ni: Military institutions

35. Oman = om

  • .com.om – Commercial Company, trading company, registered at the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of the Sultanate of Oman
  • .co.om – Commercial Company, trading company, registered at the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of the Sultanate of Oman
  • .edu.om – Educational institutions, e.g., universities and colleges, registered at the Ministry of Higher Education of the Sultanate of Oman
  • .ac.om – Academic Organization (e.g. university, college), registered at the Ministry of Higher Education of the Sultanate of Oman
  • .sch.om – Elementary schools, secondary schools, and high schools with valid licenses from Ministry of Education
  • .gov.om – Government Departments and Ministries of the Sultanate of Oman
  • .net.om – Intended to hold only the computers of network providers that are the NIC and NOC computers, the administrative computers, and the network node computers, registered at the Ministry of Transportation and communications or registered at Oman Telecommunication Company.
  • .org.om – Non-profit organizations, registered at Ministry of Social Affairs, Labour and Vocational Training
  • .mil.om – Used by all Ministry of Defense establishments
  • .museum.om – For Museums
  • .biz.om – Commercial Company, trading company, registered at the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of the Sultanate of Oman
  • .pro.om – for Professionals, and Professional Associations.
  • .med.om – Hospitals and medical clinics with valid licenses from Ministry of Health.

36. Peru = pe

  • edu.pe: Educational Institutions of Peru
  • gob.pe: Government of Peru
  • nom.pe: Individuals from Peru
  • mil.pe: Military of Peru
  • sld.pe: Health System of Peru
  • org.pe: Organizations of Peru
  • com.pe: Commercial entities of Peru
  • net.pe: Network providers of Peru

37. Serbia = rs

  • .co.rs – Corporations
  • .org.rs – Civil organizations and associations
  • .edu.rs – Educational institutions and organizations (outside of ac.rs sub-domain)
  • .ac.rs – Academic and research network of Serbia (delegated)
  • .gov.rs – Government institutions (delegated)
  • .in.rs – Personal use

38. Tanzania = tz

  • .co.tz: commercial
  • .ac.tz: schools granting baccalaureate degrees
  • .go.tz: governmental entities
  • .or.tz: not-for-profit organizations
  • .mil.tz: exclusively for Tanzania Military entities recognized by the Ministry responsible for Defense
  • .sc.tz: schools that are elementary, primary and secondary level institutions
  • .ne.tz: network infrastructure

39. Ukraine  = ua

  • com.ua - paid, commercial organisations, one of the most popular
  • edu.ua - free, available only to proved educational organisations.
  • gov.ua - free, available only to governmental organisations
  • net.ua- paid, network service providers
  • in.ua - paid, domains for individuals
  • at.ua - paid, domains for individuals
  • pp.ua - free, domains for individuals
  • org.ua - free, other organisations (non-commercial), individuals

40. Venezuela = ve

  • .com.ve - Venezuelan commercial entity
  • .net.ve - network service providers
  • .org.ve - non-profit organizations
  • .info.ve - informational sites
  • .co.ve - a website originally ".com" ported to Venezuelan Spanish
  • .web.ve - individuals
The following second level domains allow restricted third level domain registrations:
  • .gob.ve - government-related websites
  • .edu.ve - Venezuela based educational institutions
  • .mil.ve - Venezuelan military institution
  • .tec.ve

41. Yemen = ye

  • com.ye: Commercial Entities
  • co.ye: Companies
  • ltd.ye: Limited Companies
  • me.ye: Private Individuals
  • net.ye: Network Providers
  • org.ye: Non-commercial Organizations
  • plc.ye
  • gov.ye: Government and Governmental System

42. South Africa (Zuid-Afrika) = za

  • ·         .ac.za - academic and tertiary societies
  • ·         .city.za - for municipal governments. Domain registration coming soon.
  • ·         .co.za - commercial, general use
  • ·         .edu.za - for distance learning institutions
  • ·         .gov.za - government departments
  • ·         .law.za - for legal firms
  • ·         .mil.za - military institutions
  • ·         .nom.za - for personal names, not organizations
  • ·         .org.za - for non-commercial entities.
  • ·         .school.za - for schools in South Africa

43. Zambia = zm

  • ac.zm: Academic institutions
  • co.zm: Commercial entities
  • com.zm: Commercial entities
  • edu.zm: Academic institutions
  • gov.zm: Government
  • net.zm: Networks
  • org.zm: Non-commercial organizations
  • sch.zm: Schools